“Rules against murder, theft, and lying codified by the Ten Commandments were intended to apply only within a cooperating group for the purpose of enabling that group to compete successfully against other groups. In addition, this in-group morality has functioned, both historically and by express intent, to create adverse circumstances between groups by actively promoting murder, theft, and lying as tools of competition. Contemporary efforts to present Judeo-Christian in-group morality as universal morality defy the plain meaning of the texts upon which Judaism and Christianity are based.
http://www.lrainc.com/swtaboo/taboos/ltn01.html


Blue is blue, and yellow is yellow – right? Yes. No. Maybe…When you think about logic, morality, personality, or self awareness – you have to first think about where it all comes from: the human brain. You don’t think of self awareness first, or logic first, and then think about how the brain works as an afterthought. It’s the other way around. In this case, morality is the egg, not the chicken.
Although the brain is still a very complicated organ to us, we’re learning more and more about it every day. And the more we learn about it, the more we realize it is not all that different from a really simple brain of a really simple animal, or a really complicated computer created by a really complicated human.
- “Human Brain Region Functions Like a Digital Computer” http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061005222628.htm
- "The ragworm’s brain, which evolved some 600 million years ago, is so similar to the cortex that humans and worms must share a common ancestor.” http://discovermagazine.com/2011/jan-feb/12
A Master Manipulator
We’re also learning about how the brain constantly manipulates our reality.
Check out this experiment about how we view colors:
“Those early experiments showed that everyone we tested has the same color experience despite this really profound difference in the front-end of their visual system,” says Hofer. “That points to some kind of normalization or auto-calibration mechanism—some kind of circuit in the brain that balances the colors for you no matter what the hardware is.” In a related experiment, Williams and a postdoctoral fellow Yasuki Yamauchi, working with other collaborators from the Medical College of Wisconsin, gave several people colored contacts to wear for four hours a day. While wearing the contacts, people tended to eventually feel as if they were not wearing the contacts, just as people who wear colored sunglasses tend to see colors "correctly" after a few minutes with the sunglasses. The volunteers' normal color vision, however, began to shift after several weeks of contact use. Even when not wearing the contacts, they all began to select a pure yellow that was a different wavelength than they had before wearing the contacts. “Over time, we were able to shift their natural perception of yellow in one direction, and then the other,” says Williams. “This is direct evidence for an internal, automatic calibrator of color perception. These experiments show that color is defined by our experience in the world, and since we all share the same world, we arrive at the same definition of colors.” http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/10/051026082313.htm
You can’t and do not see reality for what it is. This is by nature’s design.
And more…
- “There is actually a blind spot on your eye that does not see anything. An optic nerve gets in the way, effectively blocking your vision. Our eyes can't see anything in this blind spot, but our brain makes up what should be there. This is why we don't notice the blind spot.” http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/188440/the_blind_spot_does_our_brain_see_things.html?cat=5
- “Brain Filters Out Noise for Selective Hearing.” http://www.medindia.net/news/Brain-Filters-Out-Noise-for-Selective-Hearing-66444-1.htm
- “Magnets can change your moral values.” http://discovermagazine.com/2011/jan-feb/80
To understand how the human brain – and thus, morality – has evolved, you first have to understand evolution. I totally agree that there are missing gaps in our theory of evolution, just as there are for gravity, and that new evidence could totally transform our thinking. But so far, it’s our best guess. And we can actually make it happen in labs, time and time again…. Just look at your artificially selected best friend, the dog!- “Singing mouse made with genetic modification.” http://news.discovery.com/animals/mouse-tweets-genetic-modification-101221.html
- “A study in evolution: foxes turned into man’s best friend.” http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/a-study-in-evolution-foxes-turned-into-mans-best-friend-482442.html
- “Studying the new sequence of the canine genome shows how tiny genetic changes can create enormous variation within a single species.” http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/feature/2007/5/genetics-and-the-shape-of-dogs
DNA does indeed get mutated. This is a fact, not an opinion. Whether it’s weird mistakes by nature, weird effects the of the environment (chemicals, pollution, etc), all of the above, or something else that is causing this to happen…is a moot point. It happens, whether we understand why or not. - When a genetic mutation is beneficial to reproduction (in other words, an animal is able to survive better, and thus have offspring), that genetic mutation gets passed on. This is not a theory. Breeders really do handpick dogs to breed based on traits they prefer, and sometimes they’ll keep breeding waiting on unique, new traits to evolve…
- Mutations keep happening, over and over. For millions and millions of years.
“Human genes involved in metabolism, skin pigmentation, brain function and reproduction have evolved in response to recent environmental changes, according to a new study of natural selection in the human genome.” http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn8812-many-human-genes-evolved-recently.html
- “Humans Have Evolved Specialized Skills of Social Cognition: The Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis” http://www.sciencemag.org/content/317/5843/1360.full
- “Evolution never stops… Today a teenager’s brain processes more information in an hour than our forefathers did in their entire lifetime.” http://addingup.org/2009/05/19/human-brain-still-evolving/
- A new study has found that duplicated and deleted pieces of DNA in a number of different genes play a role in the development of autism, said study co-author Rita M. Cantor, a professor of genetics and psychiatry at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Autism/autisms-genetic-light-study/story?id=10867596
- “Do you like to do good things for other people? If so, your genes might be responsible for this. At least, the results of a study conducted by researchers of the University of Bonn suggest this. According to the study, a minute change in a particular gene is associated with a significantly higher willingness to donate. People with this change gave twice as much money on average to a charitable cause as did other study subjects.” http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101108072309.htm
Now that we’ve established that human evolution happened and is still happening, it’s a little strange to isolate the brain – arguably our very best adaptation, most highly evolved organ – as somehow independent of this whole process of life that every other species is still tied to. How does that even make sense to do?So, there are two things now that we need to look at: your sense of Self, and your sense of Morality. You say that due to your self awareness, you are in control of things. And also, you say that Morality is this objective, universal thing.
Well, both Self and Morality are products of your brain, and of course just like your brain, they have evolved over time. Just like the brain creates colors for us, it also creates our sense of Self, Morality, all that jazz…
- “This study shows that the brain distinguishes the self from the non-self by comparing information from the different senses. In a way you could argue that the bodily self is an illusion being constructed in the brain. Disorders such as schizophrenia and stroke often involve impaired self-perception where, for example, a woman might try to throw her left leg out of bed every morning because she believes the leg belongs to someone else.” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3856051.stm
- “The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal kingdom. To date, only humans and great apes have shown convincing evidence of mirror self-recognition. Two dolphins were exposed to reflective surfaces, and both demonstrated responses consistent with the use of the mirror to investigate marked parts of the body. This ability to use a mirror to inspect parts of the body is a striking example of evolutionary convergence with great apes and humans.” http://www.pnas.org/content/98/10/5937.long
The more we learn, the more we see science as a tool...hardly some Be All and End All.
- "Do Physical Laws Vary from Place to Place?" http://discovermagazine.com/2011/jan-feb/46
Self and Morality did not even exist in early human history (or before humans were humans). And it may not exist in the future. It’s something that was created by one species on one planet in one short span of time – for purposes of survival, and that’s about as universal as it gets. And you know what? We can even compare our sense of Self and Morality, however novel they seem, to other animals.- “Elephants mourn their dead.” http://animal.discovery.com/news/briefs/20051031/elephant.html
- “Scientist finds the beginnings of morality in primate behavior.” http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/20/science/20moral.html
Morality is an environmental adaption of one highly intelligent species on one planet that's only been around for a short while. And just like any other environmental adaptation, or species, it can malfunction, and it can go away or change in the blink of the cosmos' eye. Just because morality hasn't run out of its evolutionary purpose yet, doesn't mean it won't and can't evolve to new circumstances, or peter out entirely. Two very logical people can disagree about abortion. You can follow logic that says it's right or wrong. The older the moral puzzle, however, the more evolved and flawless our idea of it is...and that's not a coincidence.
That's why...morality is subjective.











